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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Expected values of BAL fluid constituents in healthy former smokers Variable Mean ± SEM 5th percentile* 95th percentile • Percent recovery of lavagate 62.3 ± 1.4 42.6 80.4 Total cells, 10 6Δ 20.01 ± 1.5 8.7 44.6 Total cells/mL, 10 4Δ 13.9 ± 1.1 5.2 31.4 Macrophages, percent Δ 86.5 ± 1.4 66.6 97.0 Macrophages/mL, 10 4Δ 11.9 ± 0.9 4.0 29.0 Lymphocytes, percent Δ 11.5 ± 1.2 2.0 29.3 Lymphocytes/mL, 10 4Δ 1.69 ± 0.31 0.1 5.6 Neutrophils, percent Δ 2.1 ± 0.5 0.0 8.4 Neutrophils/mL, 10 4Δ 0.27 ± 0.049 0.0 1.0 Eosinophils, percent Δ 0.2 ± 0.06 0.0 3.7 Eosinophils/mL, 10 4Δ 0.08 ± 0.035 0.0 0.05 T cells, percent ◊ 74.23 ± 4.31 15.8 96.7 T-helper cells, percent ◊ 46.88 ± 3.69 11.2 77.7 T-suppressor cells, percent ◊ 20.65 ± 2.14 5.7 44.7 Helper/suppressor ratio ◊ 2.78 ± 0.32 0.7 6.0 B cells, percent ◊ 3.46 ± 1.00 0.0 17.5 IgG, mcg/mL § 9.14 ± 0.82 2.1 17.7 IgA, mcg/mL § 7.63 ± 0.80 2.6 22.5 IgM, mcg/mL § 0.33 ± 0.06 0.05 1.4 Albumin, mcg/mL § 46.39 ± 3.82 13.6 84.2 Total protein, mcg/mL § 97.69 ± 5.78 43.4 171.1 BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage. * 5th percentile of the study population. • 95th percentile of the study population. Δ n = 50. ◊ n = 26. § = 46. Data from: BAL Cooperative Group. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141:S169 (BAL Cooperative Group, 1990 #261).