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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Expected values of BAL fluid constituents in healthy smokers Variable Mean ± SEM 5th percentile* 95th percentile • Percent recovery of lavagate 59.2 ± 1.4 35.9 74.9 Total cells, 10 6Δ 59.9 ± 7.3 10.5 176.0 Total cells/ml, 10 4Δ 41.8 ± 4.5 8.1 117.1 Macrophages, percent Δ 92.5 ± 1.0 79.5 99.0 Macrophages/mL, 10 4Δ 39.0 ± 4.3 7.0 108.4 Lymphocytes, percent Δ 5.2 ± 0.9 1.0 18.6 Lymphocytes/mL, 10 4Δ 1.74 ± 0.28 0.1 7.1 Neutrophils, percent Δ 1.6 ± 0.2 0.0 7.0 Neutrophils/mL, 10 4Δ 0.82 ± 0.18 0.0 3.5 Eosinophils, percent Δ 0.56 ± 0.13 0.0 3.0 Eosinophils/mL, 10 4Δ 0.28 ± 0.09 0.0 2.5 T cells, percent ◊ 69.2 ± 4.32 15.0 95.5 T-helper cells, percent ◊ 32.21 ± 2.71 9.0 65 T-suppressor cells, percent ◊ 29.2 ± 3.0 5.0 58 Helper/suppressor ratio ◊ 1.64 ± 0.29 0.30 6.1 B cells, percent ◊ 6.54 ± 1.54 0.0 28.1 IgG, mcg/mL § 10.22 ± 0.90 2.5 22.2 IgA, mcg/mL § 5.94 ± 0.53 1.06 15.4 IgM, mcg/mL § 0.227 ± 0.05 0.01 1.0 Albumin, mcg/mL § 42.92 ± 2.73 14.0 91.1 Total protein, mcg/mL § 95.39 ± 5.24 37.8 182.7 BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage. * 5th percentile of the study population. • 95th percentile of the study population. Δ n = 64. ◊ n = 29. § n = 62. Data from: BAL Cooperative Group. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141:S169 (BAL Cooperative Group, 1990 #261).