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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Common bacterial agents causing neonatal sepsis in term infants Bacterial species Frequency of isolation Early-onset Late-onset Group B Streptococcus +++ +++ Escherichia coli +++ ++ Klebsiella spp. + + Enterobacter spp. + + Listeria monocytogenes + + Other enteric gram-negatives + + Non-enteric gram-negatives* + + Viridans streptococci + + Staphylococcus aureus + +++ Citrobacter spp. 0 + Salmonella spp. 0 + Coagulase-negative staphylococci 0 + Enterococcus spp. 0 + +++: commonly associated; ++: frequently associated; +: occasionally associated; 0: rarely associated. * Includes nontypable Hemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis . Adapted from: Edwards MS, Baker CJ. Bacterial infections in the neonate. In: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Disease, 4th ed, Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia 2012.