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REFERENCES Nade S. Septic arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2003; 17:183. Krogstad P. Septic arthitis. In: Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 6th ed, Feigin RD, Cherry JD, Demmler-Harrison GL, Kaplan SL (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia 2009. p.742. Heberling JA. A review of two hundred and one cases of suppurative arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg 1941; 23:917. Morrey BF, Bianco AJ Jr, Rhodes KH. Septic arthritis in children. Orthop Clin North Am 1975; 6:923. Nelson JD. The bacterial etiology and antibiotic management of septic arthritis in infants and children. Pediatrics 1972; 50:437. SAMILSON RL, BERSANI FA, WATKINS MB. Acute suppurative arthritis in infants and children; the importance of early diagnosis and surgical drainage. Pediatrics 1958; 21:798. OBLETZ BE. Suppurative arthritis of the hip joint in infants. Clin Orthop 1962; 22:27. Welkon CJ, Long SS, Fisher MC, Alburger PD. Pyogenic arthritis in infants and children: a review of 95 cases. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986; 5:669. Fink CW, Nelson JD. Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in children. Clin Rheum Dis 1986; 12:423. Dan M. Septic arthritis in young infants: clinical and microbiologic correlations and therapeutic implications. Rev Infect Dis 1984; 6:147. Gutierrez K. Infectious and inflammatory arthritis. In: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 4th, Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG. (Eds), Elsevier Saunders, Edinburgh 2012. p.477. Chung SM, Pollis RE. Diagnostic pitfalls in septic arthritis of the hip in infants and children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1975; 14:758. OBLETZ BE. Acute suppurative arthritis of the hip in the neonatal period. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1960; 42-A:23. Krogstad P. Septic arthritis. In: Current Pediatric Therapy, 18th ed, Burg FD, Ingelfinger JR, Polin RA, Gershon AA (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia 2006. p.665. Yagupsky P, Bar-Ziv Y, Howard CB, Dagan R. Epidemiology, etiology, and clinical features of septic arthritis in children younger than 24 months. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995; 149:537. Omene JA, Odita JC. Clinical and radiological features of neonatal septic arthritis. Trop Geogr Med 1979; 31:207. Asnes RS, Arendar GM. Septic arthritis of the hip: a complication of femoral venipuncture. Pediatrics 1966; 38:837. Chacha PB. Suppurative arthritis of the hip joint in infancy. A persistent diagnostic problem and possible complication of femoral venipuncture. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1971; 53:538.
Omene JA, Odita JC. Clinical and radiological features of neonatal septic arthritis. Trop Geogr Med 1979; 31:207. Asnes RS, Arendar GM. Septic arthritis of the hip: a complication of femoral venipuncture. Pediatrics 1966; 38:837. Chacha PB. Suppurative arthritis of the hip joint in infancy. A persistent diagnostic problem and possible complication of femoral venipuncture. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1971; 53:538. Freiberg JA, Perlman R. Pelvic abscesses associated with acute purulent infection of the hip joint. J Bone Joint Surg 1936; 18:417. Gillespie R. Septic arthritis of childhood. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1973; :152. Fleisher G. Infectious disease emergencies. In: Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 5th ed, Fleisher GR, Ludwig S, Henretig FM (Eds), Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2006. p.783. Osman AA, Govender S. Septic sacroiliitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1995; :214. Schaad UB, McCracken GH Jr, Nelson JD. Pyogenic arthritis of the sacroiliac joint in pediatric patients. Pediatrics 1980; 66:375. Molinos Quintana A, Morillo Gutiérrez B, Camacho Lovillo MS, et al. Pyogenic sacroiliitis in children-a diagnostic challenge. Clin Rheumatol 2011; 30:107. Stans AA. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. In: Lovell and Winter's Pediatric Orthopaedics, 6th ed, Morrissy RT, Weinstein SL (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2006. p.440. Rompalo AM, Hook EW 3rd, Roberts PL, et al. The acute arthritis-dermatitis syndrome. The changing importance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147:281. Bradley JS, Kaplan SL, Tan TQ, et al. Pediatric pneumococcal bone and joint infections. The Pediatric Multicenter Pneumococcal Surveillance Study Group (PMPSSG). Pediatrics 1998; 102:1376. Holmes KK, Counts GW, Beaty HN. Disseminated gonococcal infection. Ann Intern Med 1971; 74:979. Frank G, Eppes SC. Bone, joint, and soft tissue infections. In: Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Zaoutis LB, Chiang WV (Eds), Mosby, Philadelphia 2007. p.414. Bennett OM, Namnyak SS. Acute septic arthritis of the hip joint in infancy and childhood. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992; :123. Nade S. Acute septic arthritis in infancy and childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1983; 65:234. Walsh S, Phillips F. Deep vein thrombosis associated with pediatric musculoskeletal sepsis. J Pediatr Orthop 2002; 22:329. Nelson JD. Skeletal infections in children. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis 1991; 6:59.
Bennett OM, Namnyak SS. Acute septic arthritis of the hip joint in infancy and childhood. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992; :123. Nade S. Acute septic arthritis in infancy and childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1983; 65:234. Walsh S, Phillips F. Deep vein thrombosis associated with pediatric musculoskeletal sepsis. J Pediatr Orthop 2002; 22:329. Nelson JD. Skeletal infections in children. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis 1991; 6:59. Shaw BA, Kasser JR. Acute septic arthritis in infancy and childhood. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990; :212. Aprin H, Turen C. Pyogenic sacroiliitis in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993; :98. Barton LL, Dunkle LM, Habib FH. Septic arthritis in childhood. A 13-year review. Am J Dis Child 1987; 141:898. Wiley JJ, Fraser GA. Septic arthritis in childhood. Can J Surg 1979; 22:326. Shmerling RH, Delbanco TL, Tosteson AN, Trentham DE. Synovial fluid tests. What should be ordered? JAMA 1990; 264:1009. Del Beccaro MA, Champoux AN, Bockers T, Mendelman PM. Septic arthritis versus transient synovitis of the hip: the value of screening laboratory tests. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21:1418. Zawin JK, Hoffer FA, Rand FF, Teele RL. Joint effusion in children with an irritable hip: US diagnosis and aspiration. Radiology 1993; 187:459. Klein DM, Barbera C, Gray ST, et al. Sensitivity of objective parameters in the diagnosis of pediatric septic hips. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997; :153. Levine MJ, McGuire KJ, McGowan KL, Flynn JM. Assessment of the test characteristics of C-reactive protein for septic arthritis in children. J Pediatr Orthop 2003; 23:373. Kallio MJ, Unkila-Kallio L, Aalto K, Peltola H. Serum C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white blood cell count in septic arthritis of children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16:411. Wall EJ. Childhood osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. Curr Opin Pediatr 1998; 10:73. Nade S, Robertson FW, Taylor TK. Antibiotics in the treatment of acute osteomyelitis and acute septic arthritis in children. Med J Aust 1974; 2:703. Thompson A, Mannix R, Bachur R. Acute pediatric monoarticular arthritis: distinguishing lyme arthritis from other etiologies. Pediatrics 2009; 123:959. Buchmann RF, Jaramillo D. Imaging of articular disorders in children. Radiol Clin North Am 2004; 42:151. Volberg FM, Sumner TE, Abramson JS, Winchester PH. Unreliability of radiographic diagnosis of septic hip in children. Pediatrics 1984; 74:118.
Thompson A, Mannix R, Bachur R. Acute pediatric monoarticular arthritis: distinguishing lyme arthritis from other etiologies. Pediatrics 2009; 123:959. Buchmann RF, Jaramillo D. Imaging of articular disorders in children. Radiol Clin North Am 2004; 42:151. Volberg FM, Sumner TE, Abramson JS, Winchester PH. Unreliability of radiographic diagnosis of septic hip in children. Pediatrics 1984; 74:118. Miralles M, Gonzalez G, Pulpeiro JR, et al. Sonography of the painful hip in children: 500 consecutive cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989; 152:579. Robben SG, Lequin MH, Diepstraten AF, et al. Anterior joint capsule of the normal hip and in children with transient synovitis: US study with anatomic and histologic correlation. Radiology 1999; 210:499. Mitchell M, Howard B, Haller J, et al. Septic arthritis. Radiol Clin North Am 1988; 26:1295. WHITE H. Roentgen findings of acute infectious disease of the hip in infants and children. Clin Orthop 1962; 22:34. Hefke HW, Turner VC. The obturator sign as the earliest roentgenographic sign in the diagnosis of septic arthritis and tuberculosis of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg 1942; 24:857. Chont L. Roentgen sign of early suppurative arthritis of the hip in infancy. Radiology 1942; 38:708. Jaramillo D, Treves ST, Kasser JR, et al. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children: appropriate use of imaging to guide treatment. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 165:399. Strouse PJ, DiPietro MA, Adler RS. Pediatric hip effusions: evaluation with power Doppler sonography. Radiology 1998; 206:731. Gordon JE, Huang M, Dobbs M, et al. Causes of false-negative ultrasound scans in the diagnosis of septic arthritis of the hip in children. J Pediatr Orthop 2002; 22:312. Kocher MS, Mandiga R, Murphy JM, et al. A clinical practice guideline for treatment of septic arthritis in children: efficacy in improving process of care and effect on outcome of septic arthritis of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003; 85-A:994. Paisley JW. Septic bursitis in childhood. J Pediatr Orthop 1982; 2:57. Connolly LP, Connolly SA. Skeletal scintigraphy in the multimodality assessment of young children with acute skeletal symptoms. Clin Nucl Med 2003; 28:746. Yang WJ, Im SA, Lim GY, et al. MR imaging of transient synovitis: differentiation from septic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 2006; 36:1154. Wilson DJ. Soft tissue and joint infection. Eur Radiol 2004; 14 Suppl 3:E64.
Connolly LP, Connolly SA. Skeletal scintigraphy in the multimodality assessment of young children with acute skeletal symptoms. Clin Nucl Med 2003; 28:746. Yang WJ, Im SA, Lim GY, et al. MR imaging of transient synovitis: differentiation from septic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 2006; 36:1154. Wilson DJ. Soft tissue and joint infection. Eur Radiol 2004; 14 Suppl 3:E64. Kunnamo I, Pelkonen P. Routine analysis of synovial fluid cells is of value in the differential diagnosis of arthritis in children. J Rheumatol 1986; 13:1076. Margaretten ME, Kohlwes J, Moore D, Bent S. Does this adult patient have septic arthritis? JAMA 2007; 297:1478. Baldassare AR, Chang F, Zuckner J. Markedly raised synovial fluid leucocyte counts not associated with infectious arthritis in children. Ann Rheum Dis 1978; 37:404. Coutlakis PJ, Roberts WN, Wise CM. Another look at synovial fluid leukocytosis and infection. J Clin Rheumatol 2002; 8:67. Ropes MW. Examination of synovial fluid. Bull Rheum Dis 1957; 7 Suppl:S21. WARD J, COHEN AS, BAUER W. The diagnosis and therapy of acute suppurative arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1960; 3:522. Press J, Peled N, Buskila D, Yagupsky P. Leukocyte count in the synovial fluid of children with culture-proven brucellar arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2002; 21:191. Yagupsky P, Press J. Use of the isolator 1.5 microbial tube for culture of synovial fluid from patients with septic arthritis. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:2410. Kiang KM, Ogunmodede F, Juni BA, et al. Outbreak of osteomyelitis/septic arthritis caused by Kingella kingae among child care center attendees. Pediatrics 2005; 116:e206. Verdier I, Gayet-Ageron A, Ploton C, et al. Contribution of a broad range polymerase chain reaction to the diagnosis of osteoarticular infections caused by Kingella kingae: description of twenty-four recent pediatric diagnoses. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24:692. Chometon S, Benito Y, Chaker M, et al. Specific real-time polymerase chain reaction places Kingella kingae as the most common cause of osteoarticular infections in young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26:377. Rosey AL, Abachin E, Quesnes G, et al. Development of a broad-range 16S rDNA real-time PCR for the diagnosis of septic arthritis in children. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 68:88. Lyon RM, Evanich JD. Culture-negative septic arthritis in children. J Pediatr Orthop 1999; 19:655.
Chometon S, Benito Y, Chaker M, et al. Specific real-time polymerase chain reaction places Kingella kingae as the most common cause of osteoarticular infections in young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26:377. Rosey AL, Abachin E, Quesnes G, et al. Development of a broad-range 16S rDNA real-time PCR for the diagnosis of septic arthritis in children. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 68:88. Lyon RM, Evanich JD. Culture-negative septic arthritis in children. J Pediatr Orthop 1999; 19:655. Greenwood BM, Whittle HC, Bryceson AD. Allergic complications of meningococcal disease. II. Immunological investigations. Br Med J 1973; 2:737. Rush PJ, Shore A, Inman R, et al. Arthritis associated with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis: septic or reactive? J Pediatr 1986; 109:412. Ahmed S, Ayoub EM. Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20:1081. Viani RM, Bromberg K, Bradley JS. Obturator internus muscle abscess in children: report of seven cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28:117. Song J, Letts M, Monson R. Differentiation of psoas muscle abscess from septic arthritis of the hip in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001; :258. Harwell JI, Fisher D. Pediatric septic bursitis: case report of retrocalcaneal infection and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:E102. Topic 6030 Version 15.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0504-125.39.66.147-4554544F47-S244013.14]