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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f7_3_7223

REFERENCES Divkovic M, Pease CK, Gerberick GF, Basketter DA. Hapten-protein binding: from theory to practical application in the in vitro prediction of skin sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 2005; 53:189. Kaplan DH, Kissenpfennig A, Clausen BE. Insights into Langerhans cell function from Langerhans cell ablation models. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:2369. Katz SI, Tamaki K, Sachs DH. Epidermal Langerhans cells are derived from cells originating in bone marrow. Nature 1979; 282:324. Vocanson M, Hennino A, Rozières A, et al. Effector and regulatory mechanisms in allergic contact dermatitis. Allergy 2009; 64:1699. Bergstresser PR, Toews GB, Streilein JW. Natural and perturbed distributions of Langerhans cells: responses to ultraviolet light, heterotopic skin grafting, and dinitrofluorobenzene sensitization. J Invest Dermatol 1980; 75:73. Weinlich G, Heine M, Stössel H, et al. Entry into afferent lymphatics and maturation in situ of migrating murine cutaneous dendritic cells. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 110:441. Steinbrink K, Kolde G, Sorg C, Macher E. Induction of low zone tolerance to contact allergens in mice does not require functional Langerhans cells. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 107:243. Larsen CP, Steinman RM, Witmer-Pack M, et al. Migration and maturation of Langerhans cells in skin transplants and explants. J Exp Med 1990; 172:1483. Lukas M, Stössel H, Hefel L, et al. Human cutaneous dendritic cells migrate through dermal lymphatic vessels in a skin organ culture model. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106:1293. Moodycliffe AM, Shreedhar V, Ullrich SE, et al. CD40-CD40 ligand interactions in vivo regulate migration of antigen-bearing dendritic cells from the skin to draining lymph nodes. J Exp Med 2000; 191:2011. Nuriya S, Yagita H, Okumura K, Azuma M. The differential role of CD86 and CD80 co-stimulatory molecules in the induction and the effector phases of contact hypersensitivity. Int Immunol 1996; 8:917. Zhou LJ, Tedder TF. A distinct pattern of cytokine gene expression by human CD83+ blood dendritic cells. Blood 1995; 86:3295. Lehé CL, Jacobs JJ, Hua CM, et al. Subtoxic concentrations of allergenic haptens induce LC migration and maturation in a human organotypic skin explant culture model: a novel method for identifying potential contact allergens. Exp Dermatol 2006; 15:421.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f7_3_7223

Zhou LJ, Tedder TF. A distinct pattern of cytokine gene expression by human CD83+ blood dendritic cells. Blood 1995; 86:3295. Lehé CL, Jacobs JJ, Hua CM, et al. Subtoxic concentrations of allergenic haptens induce LC migration and maturation in a human organotypic skin explant culture model: a novel method for identifying potential contact allergens. Exp Dermatol 2006; 15:421. Aiba S, Terunuma A, Manome H, Tagami H. Dendritic cells differently respond to haptens and irritants by their production of cytokines and expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:3031. Toebak MJ, Gibbs S, Bruynzeel DP, et al. Dendritic cells: biology of the skin. Contact Dermatitis 2009; 60:2. Bennett CL, van Rijn E, Jung S, et al. Inducible ablation of mouse Langerhans cells diminishes but fails to abrogate contact hypersensitivity. J Cell Biol 2005; 169:569. Poulin LF, Henri S, de Bovis B, et al. The dermis contains langerin+ dendritic cells that develop and function independently of epidermal Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 2007; 204:3119. Bursch LS, Wang L, Igyarto B, et al. Identification of a novel population of Langerin+ dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2007; 204:3147. Grabbe S, Steinbrink K, Steinert M, et al. Removal of the majority of epidermal Langerhans cells by topical or systemic steroid application enhances the effector phase of murine contact hypersensitivity. J Immunol 1995; 155:4207. Grabbe S, Schwarz T. Immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in elicitation of allergic contact hypersensitivity. Immunol Today 1998; 19:37. Nakano Y. Antigen-presenting cell function of epidermal cells activated by hapten application. Br J Dermatol 1998; 138:786. Bour H, Peyron E, Gaucherand M, et al. Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8+ T cells and class II-restricted CD4+ T cells, respectively, mediate and regulate contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25:3006. Martin S, Lappin MB, Kohler J, et al. Peptide immunization indicates that CD8+ T cells are the dominant effector cells in trinitrophenyl-specific contact hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 115:260. Vocanson M, Hennino A, Cluzel-Tailhardat M, et al. CD8+ T cells are effector cells of contact dermatitis to common skin allergens in mice. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:815.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f7_3_7223

Martin S, Lappin MB, Kohler J, et al. Peptide immunization indicates that CD8+ T cells are the dominant effector cells in trinitrophenyl-specific contact hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 115:260. Vocanson M, Hennino A, Cluzel-Tailhardat M, et al. CD8+ T cells are effector cells of contact dermatitis to common skin allergens in mice. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:815. Gocinski BL, Tigelaar RE. Roles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in murine contact sensitivity revealed by in vivo monoclonal antibody depletion. J Immunol 1990; 144:4121. Vocanson M, Hennino A, Chavagnac C, et al. Contribution of CD4(+ )and CD8(+) T-cells in contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2005; 1:75. Akiba H, Kehren J, Ducluzeau MT, et al. Skin inflammation during contact hypersensitivity is mediated by early recruitment of CD8+ T cytotoxic 1 cells inducing keratinocyte apoptosis. J Immunol 2002; 168:3079. Kehren J, Desvignes C, Krasteva M, et al. Cytotoxicity is mandatory for CD8(+) T cell-mediated contact hypersensitivity. J Exp Med 1999; 189:779. Traidl C, Sebastiani S, Albanesi C, et al. Disparate cytotoxic activity of nickel-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets against keratinocytes. J Immunol 2000; 165:3058. Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 2006; 124:783. Sloane JA, Blitz D, Margolin Z, Vartanian T. A clear and present danger: endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors. Neuromolecular Med 2010; 12:149. Martin SF, Dudda JC, Bachtanian E, et al. Toll-like receptor and IL-12 signaling control susceptibility to contact hypersensitivity. J Exp Med 2008; 205:2151. Martin SF, Esser PR, Weber FC, et al. Mechanisms of chemical-induced innate immunity in allergic contact dermatitis. Allergy 2011; 66:1152. Scheibner KA, Lutz MA, Boodoo S, et al. Hyaluronan fragments act as an endogenous danger signal by engaging TLR2. J Immunol 2006; 177:1272. Termeer C, Benedix F, Sleeman J, et al. Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan activate dendritic cells via toll-like receptor 4. J Exp Med 2002; 195:99. Stern R, Kogan G, Jedrzejas MJ, Soltés L. The many ways to cleave hyaluronan. Biotechnol Adv 2007; 25:537. Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Müller V, et al. Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:814.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f7_3_7223

Termeer C, Benedix F, Sleeman J, et al. Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan activate dendritic cells via toll-like receptor 4. J Exp Med 2002; 195:99. Stern R, Kogan G, Jedrzejas MJ, Soltés L. The many ways to cleave hyaluronan. Biotechnol Adv 2007; 25:537. Schmidt M, Raghavan B, Müller V, et al. Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:814. Cavani A, Nasorri F, Ottaviani C, et al. Human CD25+ regulatory T cells maintain immune tolerance to nickel in healthy, nonallergic individuals. J Immunol 2003; 171:5760. Reduta T, Stasiak-Barmuta A, Lauda��ska H. CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD2+high regulatory T cells in disseminated and localized forms of allergic contact dermatitis: relation to specific cytokines. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011; 49:255. Honda T, Miyachi Y, Kabashima K. Regulatory T cells in cutaneous immune responses. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 63:75. Yoshiki R, Kabashima K, Sugita K, et al. IL-10-producing Langerhans cells and regulatory T cells are responsible for depressed contact hypersensitivity in grafted skin. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:705. Ring S, Karakhanova S, Johnson T, et al. Gap junctions between regulatory T cells and dendritic cells prevent sensitization of CD8(+) T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:237. Dubois B, Chapat L, Goubier A, et al. Innate CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are required for oral tolerance and inhibition of CD8+ T cells mediating skin inflammation. Blood 2003; 102:3295. Ring S, Enk AH, Mahnke K. ATP activates regulatory T Cells in vivo during contact hypersensitivity reactions. J Immunol 2010; 184:3408. Honda T, Otsuka A, Tanizaki H, et al. Enhanced murine contact hypersensitivity by depletion of endogenous regulatory T cells in the sensitization phase. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 61:144. Ring S, Schäfer SC, Mahnke K, et al. CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress contact hypersensitivity reactions by blocking influx of effector T cells into inflamed tissue. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:2981. Ring S, Oliver SJ, Cronstein BN, et al. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress contact hypersensitivity reactions through a CD39, adenosine-dependent mechanism. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:1287. Tomura M, Honda T, Tanizaki H, et al. Activated regulatory T cells are the major T cell type emigrating from the skin during a cutaneous immune response in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:883.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f7_3_7223

Ring S, Oliver SJ, Cronstein BN, et al. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress contact hypersensitivity reactions through a CD39, adenosine-dependent mechanism. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:1287. Tomura M, Honda T, Tanizaki H, et al. Activated regulatory T cells are the major T cell type emigrating from the skin during a cutaneous immune response in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:883. Trautmann A, Altznauer F, Akdis M, et al. The differential fate of cadherins during T-cell-induced keratinocyte apoptosis leads to spongiosis in eczematous dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117:927. Topic 13653 Version 2.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.3 - C21.34 Licensed to: Morehouse School of Medicine | Support Tag: [0505-91.202.164.29-B6FAD70B64-S473950.14]