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REFERENCES Greene A, Breisch NL. Avoidance of bee and wasp stings: an entomological perspective. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 5:337. Entomological Society of America. Common names of insects and related organisms. www.entsoc.org/pubs/common_names/index.htm (Accessed on July 05, 2009). Greene A, Caron DM. Entomological etymology: the common names of social wasps. Bull Entomol Soc Am 1980; 26:126. Snodgrass RE. The anatomy of the honey bee, USDA Tech Series, 1910. p.18. Akre RD, Reed HC. Vespine defense. In: Defensive mechanisms in social insects, Hermann HR (Ed), Praeger, New York 1984. p.59. O'Neill KM. Solitary wasps: Behavior and natural history, Cornell Univ Press, Ithaca, NY 2001. Michener CD. The bees of the world, Johns Hopkins Univ Press, Baltimore 2007. Winston ML. The biology of the honey bee, Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA 1987. Goulson D. Bumblebees: Their behaviour and ecology, Oxford Univ Press, Oxford, UK 2003. Ruttner F. Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1987. Sakagami SF, Akahira Y. Studies on Apis cerana cerana Fabricius. VIII. Two opposing adaptations in the post-stinging behavior of honeybees. Evolution 1960; 14:29. Poore DM. Sting autotomy. Am Bee J 1974; 114:57. Seeley TD, Morse RA. The nest of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). Insectes Soc 1976; 23:495. Seeley TD, Morse RA. Nest site selection by the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Insectes Soc 1978; 25:323. Winston ML. The biology and management of Africanized honey bees. Ann Rev Entomol 1992; 37:173. Winston ML. Killer bees: The Africanized honey bee in the Americas., Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA 1992. Sherman RA. What physicians should know about Africanized honeybees. West J Med 1995; 163:541. Breed MD, Guzmán-Novoa E, Hunt GJ. Defensive behavior of honey bees: organization, genetics, and comparisons with other bees. Annu Rev Entomol 2004; 49:271. Akre RD, Greene A, MacDonald JF, et al. The yellowjackets of America north of Mexico, A Agric Handbook, 552 1981. The social biology of wasps, Ross KG, Matthews RW (Eds), Cornell Univ Press, Ithaca, NY 1991. Greene A, Breisch NL, Golden DBK, et al. Sting embedment and avulsion in yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): A functional equivalent to autotomy. Am Entomol 2012; 58:50. Carpenter JM, Kojima J. Checklist of the species in the subfamily Vespinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Nat Hist Bull Ibaraki Univ 1997; 1:51.

The social biology of wasps, Ross KG, Matthews RW (Eds), Cornell Univ Press, Ithaca, NY 1991. Greene A, Breisch NL, Golden DBK, et al. Sting embedment and avulsion in yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): A functional equivalent to autotomy. Am Entomol 2012; 58:50. Carpenter JM, Kojima J. Checklist of the species in the subfamily Vespinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Nat Hist Bull Ibaraki Univ 1997; 1:51. Buck M, Marshall SA, Cheung DKB. Identification atlas of the Vespidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) of the northeastern Nearctic region. Can J Arthropod Ident 2008; :5. Hunt KJ, Valentine MD, Sobotka AK, et al. A controlled trial of immunotherapy in insect hypersensitivity. N Engl J Med 1978; 299:157. Greene A. Dolichovespula and Vespula. In: The social biology of wasps, Ross KG, Matthews RW (Eds), nell Univ Press, Ithaca, NY 1991. p.263. Greene A, Breisch NL, Golden DBK, et al. The sting that stays: autotomy in two common yellowjacket species. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 83:229. Mulfinger L, Yunginger J, Styer W, et al. Sting morphology and frequency of sting autotomy among medically important vespids (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and the honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J Med Entomol 1992; 29:325. Vail KM, Skinner JA. Yellowjacket wasps in Tennessee. Univ Tenn SP 2000; 341M. Carpenter JM. Distributional checklist of species of the genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Polistini). Amer Mus Nov 1996; 3188. Cervo R, Zacchi F, Turillazzi S. Polistes dominulus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) invading North America: some hypotheses for its rapid spread. Insectes Soc 2000; 47:155. Silagi SA, Gamboa GJ, Klein CR, Noble MA. Behavioral differences between two recently sympatric paper wasps, the native Polistes fuscatus and the invasive Polistes dominulus. Great Lakes Entomol 2003; 36:99. Gamboa GJ, Noble MA, Thom MC, et al. The comparative biology of two sympatric paper wasps in Michigan, the native Polistes fuscatus and the invasive Polistes dominulus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Insectes Soc 2004; 51:153. Pulawski W. Family group names and classification as of May 22, 2009. file://research.calacademy.org/research/entomology/entomology_resources/Hymenoptera/sphecidae/Family_group_names_and_classification.pdf (Accessed on July 13, 2009). Topic 4093 Version 4.0

Gamboa GJ, Noble MA, Thom MC, et al. The comparative biology of two sympatric paper wasps in Michigan, the native Polistes fuscatus and the invasive Polistes dominulus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Insectes Soc 2004; 51:153. Pulawski W. Family group names and classification as of May 22, 2009. file://research.calacademy.org/research/entomology/entomology_resources/Hymenoptera/sphecidae/Family_group_names_and_classification.pdf (Accessed on July 13, 2009). Topic 4093 Version 4.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [1004-58.240.98.179-AEB5EC0217-S244013.14]