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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Birth weight and insulin resistance Contrasting relationship between body mass index (BMI, also known as ponderal index) at birth and as an adult on mean insulin resistance. Insulin resistance varies directly with adult BMI and inversely with ponderal index at birth. Thus, the degree of insulin resistance is greatest with lower ponderal index at birth and higher BMI in adulthood (first panel, orange column). Insulin resistance is measured as the half-life (t 1/2 ) of the fall in blood glucose during an intravenous insulin tolerance test. Data from: Phillips DI, Barker DJ, Hales CN, et al. Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life. Diabetologia 1994; 37:150.