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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f27_24_28042

REFERENCES National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in children with chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 46(Suppl1):S1. Moe S, Drüeke T, Cunningham J, et al. Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 2006; 69:1945. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39:S1. Martinez I, Saracho R, Montenegro J, Llach F. The importance of dietary calcium and phosphorous in the secondary hyperparathyroidism of patients with early renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 29:496. Ziólkowska H, Pa��iczyk-Tomaszewska M, Debi��ski A, et al. Bone biopsy results and serum bone turnover parameters in uremic children. Acta Paediatr 2000; 89:666. Waller S, Shroff R, Freemont AJ, Rees L. Bone histomorphometry in children prior to commencing renal replacement therapy. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:1523. Wesseling-Perry K, Pereira RC, Tseng CH, et al. Early skeletal and biochemical alterations in pediatric chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 7:146. Andrade MC, Carvalhaes JT, Carvalho AB, et al. Bone mineral density and bone histomorphometry in children on long-term dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2007; 22:1767. Pieper AK, Haffner D, Hoppe B, et al. A randomized crossover trial comparing sevelamer with calcium acetate in children with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 47:625. Gonzalez E, Schomberg J, Amin N, et al. Sevelamer carbonate increases serum bicarbonate in pediatric dialysis patients. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25:373. Salusky IB, Ramirez, JA, Oppenheim W, et al. Biochemical markers of renal osteodystrophy in pediatric patients undergoing CAPD/CCPD. Mathias R, Salusky I, Harman W, et al. Renal bone disease in pediatric and young adult patients on hemodialysis in a children's hospital. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993; 3:1938. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl 2009; :S1. Rees L. What parathyroid hormone levels should we aim for in children with stage 5 chronic kidney disease; what is the evidence? Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:179.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f27_24_28042

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl 2009; :S1. Rees L. What parathyroid hormone levels should we aim for in children with stage 5 chronic kidney disease; what is the evidence? Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:179. Klaus G, Watson A, Edefonti A, et al. Prevention and treatment of renal osteodystrophy in children on chronic renal failure: European guidelines. Pediatr Nephrol 2006; 21:151. Portale AA, Booth BE, Halloran BP, Morris RC Jr. Effect of dietary phosphorus on circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in children with moderate renal insufficiency. J Clin Invest 1984; 73:1580. Turner C, Compston J, Mak RH, et al. Bone turnover and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol during treatment with phosphate binders. Kidney Int 1988; 33:989. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in children with CKD: 2008 Update. Bone mineral and vitamin D requirements and therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53:S61. Wingen AM, Fabian-Bach C, Schaefer F, Mehls O. Randomised multicentre study of a low-protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure in children. European Study Group of Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood. Lancet 1997; 349:1117. Kist-van Holthe tot Echten JE, Nauta J, Hop WC, et al. Protein restriction in chronic renal failure. Arch Dis Child 1993; 68:371. Jureidini KF, Hogg RJ, van Renen MJ, et al. Evaluation of long-term aggressive dietary management of chronic renal failure in children. Pediatr Nephrol 1990; 4:1. Uauy RD, Hogg RJ, Brewer ED, et al. Dietary protein and growth in infants with chronic renal insufficiency: a report from the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group and the University of California, San Francisco. Pediatr Nephrol 1994; 8:45. Tamanaha K, Mak RH, Rigden SP, et al. Long-term suppression of hyperparathyroidism by phosphate binders in uremic children. Pediatr Nephrol 1987; 1:145. Andreoli SP, Dunson JW, Bergstein JM. Calcium carbonate is an effective phosphorus binder in children with chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1987; 9:206.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f27_24_28042

Uauy RD, Hogg RJ, Brewer ED, et al. Dietary protein and growth in infants with chronic renal insufficiency: a report from the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group and the University of California, San Francisco. Pediatr Nephrol 1994; 8:45. Tamanaha K, Mak RH, Rigden SP, et al. Long-term suppression of hyperparathyroidism by phosphate binders in uremic children. Pediatr Nephrol 1987; 1:145. Andreoli SP, Dunson JW, Bergstein JM. Calcium carbonate is an effective phosphorus binder in children with chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1987; 9:206. Geary DF, Hodson EM, Craig JC. Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; :CD008327. Andreoli SP, Bergstein JM, Sherrard DJ. Aluminum intoxication from aluminum-containing phosphate binders in children with azotemia not undergoing dialysis. N Engl J Med 1984; 310:1079. Mahdavi H, Kuizon BD, Gales B, et al. Sevelamer hydrochloride: an effective phosphate binder in dialyzed children. Pediatr Nephrol 2003; 18:1260. van Husen M, Fischer AK, Lehnhardt A, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and bone metabolism in children with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2010; 78:200. Bacchetta J, Dubourg L, Harambat J, et al. The influence of glomerular filtration rate and age on fibroblast growth factor 23 serum levels in pediatric chronic kidney disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:1741. Wolf M. FGF23: fashion or physiology? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5:1727. Shimada T, Hasegawa H, Yamazaki Y, et al. FGF-23 is a potent regulator of vitamin D metabolism and phosphate homeostasis. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19:429. Seeherunvong W, Abitbol CL, Chandar J, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in children with early chronic kidney disease. J Pediatr 2009; 154:906. Ali FN, Arguelles LM, Langman CB, Price HE. Vitamin D deficiency in children with chronic kidney disease: uncovering an epidemic. Pediatrics 2009; 123:791. Shroff R, Wan M, Gullett A, et al. Ergocalciferol supplementation in children with CKD delays the onset of secondary hyperparathyroidism: a randomized trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 7:216. Menon S, Valentini RP, Hidalgo G, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency and hyperparathyroidism in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:1831.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f27_24_28042

Shroff R, Wan M, Gullett A, et al. Ergocalciferol supplementation in children with CKD delays the onset of secondary hyperparathyroidism: a randomized trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 7:216. Menon S, Valentini RP, Hidalgo G, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency and hyperparathyroidism in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:1831. Hari P, Gupta N, Hari S, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency and effect of cholecalciferol in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25:2483. Heaney RP, Recker RR, Grote J, et al. Vitamin D(3) is more potent than vitamin D(2) in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E447. Chesney RW, Moorthy AV, Eisman JA, et al. Increased growth after long-term oral 1alpha,25-vitamin D3 in childhood renal osteodystrophy. N Engl J Med 1978; 298:238. Waller S, Ledermann S, Trompeter R, et al. Catch-up growth with normal parathyroid hormone levels in chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 2003; 18:1236. Borzych D, Rees L, Ha IS, et al. The bone and mineral disorder of children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 2010; 78:1295. Seeherunvong W, Nwobi O, Abitbol CL, et al. Paricalcitol versus calcitriol treatment for hyperparathyroidism in pediatric hemodialysis patients. Pediatr Nephrol 2006; 21:1434. Greenbaum LA, Benador N, Goldstein SL, et al. Intravenous paricalcitol for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in children on hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 49:814. Muscheites J, Wigger M, Drueckler E, et al. Cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in children with end-stage renal disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:1823. Silverstein DM, Kher KK, Moudgil A, et al. Cinacalcet is efficacious in pediatric dialysis patients. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:1817. Avila-Díaz M, Matos M, García-López E, et al. Serum markers of low-turnover bone disease in Mexican children with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2006; 26:78. Krempien B, Mehls O, Ritz E. Morphological studies on pathogenesis of epiphyeal slipping in uremic children. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 1982; 362:120. Milliner DS, Zinsmeister AR, Lieberman E, Landing B. Soft tissue calcification in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 1990; 38:931. Goodman WG, Goldin J, Kuizon BD, et al. Coronary-artery calcification in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1478.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f27_24_28042

Milliner DS, Zinsmeister AR, Lieberman E, Landing B. Soft tissue calcification in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 1990; 38:931. Goodman WG, Goldin J, Kuizon BD, et al. Coronary-artery calcification in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1478. Eifinger F, Wahn F, Querfeld U, et al. Coronary artery calcifications in children and young adults treated with renal replacement therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15:1892. Lumpaopong A, Mathew AV, John E, et al. Early coronary calcification in children and young adults with end-stage renal disease. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:37. Oh J, Wunsch R, Turzer M, et al. Advanced coronary and carotid arteriopathy in young adults with childhood-onset chronic renal failure. Circulation 2002; 106:100. Civilibal M, Caliskan S, Adaletli I, et al. Coronary artery calcifications in children with end-stage renal disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2006; 21:1426. Shroff RC, McNair R, Figg N, et al. Dialysis accelerates medial vascular calcification in part by triggering smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Circulation 2008; 118:1748. Shroff RC, Shah V, Hiorns MP, et al. The circulating calcification inhibitors, fetuin-A and osteoprotegerin, but not matrix Gla protein, are associated with vascular stiffness and calcification in children on dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:3263. Shroff RC, Donald AE, Hiorns MP, et al. Mineral metabolism and vascular damage in children on dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:2996. Groothoff JW, Grootenhuis MA, Offringa M, et al. Social consequences in adult life of end-stage renal disease in childhood. J Pediatr 2005; 146:512. Srivaths PR, Goldstein SL, Silverstein DM, et al. Elevated FGF 23 and phosphorus are associated with coronary calcification in hemodialysis patients. Pediatr Nephrol 2011; 26:945. Shroff R, Egerton M, Bridel M, et al. A bimodal association of vitamin D levels and vascular disease in children on dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:1239. Topic 6092 Version 17.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0604-115.25.216.6-3FB984B900-S244013.14]