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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Criteria for brain death by country: 2001 International Survey data Continent/country Apnea test Number of physicians Observation time, h Ancillary test North America United States PCO 2 2* 6 Optional Canada PCO 2 1 6 Optional Caribbean Cuba PCO 2 2 6 (24)• Optional Jamaica A 2 12 Mandatory Trinidad and Tobago PCO 2 2 A Optional Central and South America Argentina DVO 1 6 Mandatory Brazil DVO 1 6 Optional Chile DVO 2 A Mandatory Columbia A 2 (N) A Optional Costa Rica PCO 2 1 24 Optional El Salvador A 1 6 (24)• Mandatory Mexico A A 24 Mandatory Paraguay PCO 2 1 24 Optional Uruguay PCO 2 1 A Optional Venezuela PCO 2 2 (N) 12 Optional Europe Austria DVO 1 12 Optional Belgium DVO 3 A Optional Cyprus DVO 2 A Optional Czech Republic PCO 2 2 A Mandatory Denmark DVO 2 2 (24)• Optional Estonia PCO 2 1 12 Optional Finland DVO 1 A Optional France PCO 2 2 A Mandatory Germany PCO 2 2 12 Optional Greece DVO 3 6 Optional Hungary PCO 2 1 12 (72)• Mandatory Ireland PCO 2 2 A Optional Italy PCO 2 1 6 (24)• Mandatory Luxembourg PCO 2 1 A Mandatory Malta PCO 2 1 6 Optional Netherlands PCO 2 1 A Mandatory Norway DVO A 24 Mandatory Poland DVO 1 3 Optional Portugal PCO 2 1 2-24 Optional Romania PCO 2 2 6 Mandatory Russia PCO 2 2 6 (24)• Optional PCO2: target PCO 2 defined (50 or 60 mmHg); A: absent criterion or guideline; DVO: disconnection from ventilatory only; N: neurologist. * Eight US states only; time within parentheses indicates observation time due to anoxia. • Observation time can be shortened or eliminated if one confirmatory test is positive for brain death. Adapted from: Wijdicks, EFM. Brain death worldwide: Accepted fact but no global consensus in diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2002; 58:20. Copyright © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Criteria for brain death by country: 2001 International Survey data Continent/country Apnea test Number of physicians Observation time, h Ancillary test Europe continued Slovak Republic A 3 A Mandatory Spain PCO 2 1 6 (24)• Optional Sweden PCO 2 1 A Mandatory Switzerland PCO 2 2 6 (48)• Optional Turkey PCO 2 4 A Mandatory Ukraine DVO A A Optional United Kingdom PCO 2 2 6 Optional Yugoslavia DVO 3 A Mandatory Africa South Africa PCO 2 2 A Optional Tanzania A 1 A Mandatory Tunisia DVO 1 A Optional Middle East Iran A 3 12, 24, 36 Mandatory Israel PCO 2 1 6 (24)• Mandatory Jordan A 1 A Mandatory Lebanon A 2 6 Mandatory Oman PCO 2 1 6 Optional Qatar PCO 2 1 A Mandatory Saudi Arabia PCO 2 2 24• Mandatory United Arab Emirates PCO 2 1 3 Optional Asia Bangladesh DVO 3 A Optional Georgia DVO 3 24 Mandatory

A Mandatory Tunisia DVO 1 A Optional Middle East Iran A 3 12, 24, 36 Mandatory Israel PCO 2 1 6 (24)• Mandatory Jordan A 1 A Mandatory Lebanon A 2 6 Mandatory Oman PCO 2 1 6 Optional Qatar PCO 2 1 A Mandatory Saudi Arabia PCO 2 2 24• Mandatory United Arab Emirates PCO 2 1 3 Optional Asia Bangladesh DVO 3 A Optional Georgia DVO 3 24 Mandatory Hong Kong PCO 2 1 A Optional India DVO 4 A Mandatory Indonesia PCO 2 3 24 Optional Japan PCO 2 1 A Mandatory Korea (South) PCO 2 1 6 Optional Malaysia PCO 2 2 12 Mandatory Philippines DVO 1 24 Optional Singapore PCO 2 2 A Optional Taiwan PCO 2 1 6 Optional Thailand DVO 3 6 Optional Oceania Australia, New Zealand PCO 2 2 2 Optional PCO2: target PCO 2 defined (50 or 60 mmHg); A: absent criterion or guideline; DVO: disconnection from ventilatory only; N: neurologist. • Observation time can be shortened or eliminated if one confirmatory test is positive for brain death. Adapted from: Wijdicks, EFM. Brain death worldwide: Accepted fact but no global consensus in diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2002; 58:20. Copyright © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Criteria for brain death by country: 2001 International Survey data Continent/country Apnea test Number of physicians Observation time, h Ancillary test North America United States PCO 2 2* 6 Optional Canada PCO 2 1 6 Optional Caribbean Cuba PCO 2 2 6 (24)• Optional Jamaica A 2 12 Mandatory Trinidad and Tobago PCO 2 2 A Optional Central and South America Argentina DVO 1 6 Mandatory Brazil DVO 1 6 Optional Chile DVO 2 A Mandatory Columbia A 2 (N) A Optional Costa Rica PCO 2 1 24 Optional El Salvador A 1 6 (24)• Mandatory Mexico A A 24 Mandatory Paraguay PCO 2 1 24 Optional Uruguay PCO 2 1 A Optional Venezuela PCO 2 2 (N) 12 Optional Europe Austria DVO 1 12 Optional Belgium DVO 3 A Optional Cyprus DVO 2 A Optional Czech Republic PCO 2 2 A Mandatory Denmark DVO 2 2 (24)• Optional Estonia PCO 2 1 12 Optional Finland DVO 1 A Optional France PCO 2 2 A Mandatory Germany PCO 2 2 12 Optional Greece DVO 3 6 Optional Hungary PCO 2 1 12 (72)• Mandatory Ireland PCO 2 2 A Optional Italy PCO 2 1 6 (24)• Mandatory Luxembourg PCO 2 1 A Mandatory Malta PCO 2 1 6 Optional Netherlands PCO 2 1 A Mandatory Norway DVO A 24 Mandatory Poland DVO 1 3 Optional Portugal PCO 2 1 2-24 Optional Romania PCO 2 2 6 Mandatory Russia PCO 2 2 6 (24)• Optional PCO2: target PCO 2 defined (50 or 60 mmHg); A: absent criterion or guideline; DVO: disconnection from ventilatory only; N: neurologist. * Eight US states only; time within parentheses indicates observation time due to anoxia. • Observation time can be shortened or eliminated if one confirmatory test is positive for brain death. Adapted from: Wijdicks, EFM. Brain death worldwide: Accepted fact but no global consensus in diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2002; 58:20. Copyright © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.