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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Causes of bronchiectasis in children, based on distribution Localized Foreign body aspiration Intraluminal obstruction (granuloma, tumor) Congenital abnormality (intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchial stenosis, bronchomalacia, tracheal bronchus) Extraluminal compression (lymphadenopathy ie, tuberculosis or vascular compression) Right middle lobe syndrome Generalized Upper lobe predominance Cystic fibrosis Aspiration syndrome in non-ambulating children Sarcoidosis Central airways Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Mounier-Kuhn symdrome (may also affect lower lobes if repeated infections) Lower lobes predominance Immunodeficiency (specifically hypogammaglobulinemia) Chronic aspiration in ambulating children Interstitial pneumonia Idiopathic Middle lobe and lingual predominance Primary ciliary dyskinesia Atypical mycobacterial infection Modified from: Javidan-Nejad C, Bhalla S, Bronchiectasis. Radiol Clin N Am 2009; 47:289.