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referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f27_19_27962

REFERENCES American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis. Diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 2006; 118:1774. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Bronchiolitis in children. A national clinical guideline. 2006. file://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign91.pdf. Shaw KN, Bell LM, Sherman NH. Outpatient assessment of infants with bronchiolitis. Am J Dis Child 1991; 145:151. Wang EE, Law BJ, Stephens D. Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) prospective study of risk factors and outcomes in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial viral lower respiratory tract infection. J Pediatr 1995; 126:212. MacDonald NE, Hall CB, Suffin SC, et al. Respiratory syncytial viral infection in infants with congenital heart disease. N Engl J Med 1982; 307:397. Hall CB, Powell KR, MacDonald NE, et al. Respiratory syncytial viral infection in children with compromised immune function. N Engl J Med 1986; 315:77. Meissner HC. Selected populations at increased risk from respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22:S40. Mansbach JM, Piedra PA, Stevenson MD, et al. Prospective multicenter study of children with bronchiolitis requiring mechanical ventilation. Pediatrics 2012; 130:e492. Holman RC, Curns AT, Cheek JE, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations among American Indian and Alaska Native infants and the general United States infant population. Pediatrics 2004; 114:e437. McConnochie KM, Roghmann KJ. Parental smoking, presence of older siblings, and family history of asthma increase risk of bronchiolitis. Am J Dis Child 1986; 140:806. Figueras-Aloy J, Carbonell-Estrany X, Quero J, IRIS Study Group. Case-control study of the risk factors linked to respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring hospitalization in premature infants born at a gestational age of 33-35 weeks in Spain. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23:815. Choudhuri JA, Ogden LG, Ruttenber AJ, et al. Effect of altitude on hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatrics 2006; 117:349. Adcock PM, Sanders CL, Marshall GS. Standardizing the care of bronchiolitis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998; 152:739. Willson DF, Horn SD, Hendley JO, et al. Effect of practice variation on resource utilization in infants hospitalized for viral lower respiratory illness. Pediatrics 2001; 108:851.

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Choudhuri JA, Ogden LG, Ruttenber AJ, et al. Effect of altitude on hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatrics 2006; 117:349. Adcock PM, Sanders CL, Marshall GS. Standardizing the care of bronchiolitis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998; 152:739. Willson DF, Horn SD, Hendley JO, et al. Effect of practice variation on resource utilization in infants hospitalized for viral lower respiratory illness. Pediatrics 2001; 108:851. Mallory MD, Shay DK, Garrett J, Bordley WC. Bronchiolitis management preferences and the influence of pulse oximetry and respiratory rate on the decision to admit. Pediatrics 2003; 111:e45. Bronchiolitis Guideline Team, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Bronchiolitis pediatric evidence-based care guidelines, 2010. file://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/j/anderson-center/evidence-based-care/bronchiolitis/ (Accessed on November 08, 2011). Roback MG, Baskin MN. Failure of oxygen saturation and clinical assessment to predict which patients with bronchiolitis discharged from the emergency department will return requiring admission. Pediatr Emerg Care 1997; 13:9. Swingler GH, Hussey GD, Zwarenstein M. Duration of illness in ambulatory children diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000; 154:997. Mansbach JM, Piedra PA, Teach SJ, et al. Prospective multicenter study of viral etiology and hospital length of stay in children with severe bronchiolitis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2012; 166:700. Shay DK, Holman RC, Newman RD, et al. Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980-1996. JAMA 1999; 282:1440. McMillan JA, Tristram DA, Weiner LB, et al. Prediction of the duration of hospitalization in patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection: use of clinical parameters. Pediatrics 1988; 81:22. Green M, Brayer AF, Schenkman KA, Wald ER. Duration of hospitalization in previously well infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8:601. Dawson KP, Mogridge N. Acute bronchiolitis: a three year study. N Z Med J 1989; 102:528. Walsh EE, McConnochie KM, Long CE, Hall CB. Severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection is related to virus strain. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:814. Martinello RA, Chen MD, Weibel C, Kahn JS. Correlation between respiratory syncytial virus genotype and severity of illness. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:839.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f27_19_27962

Dawson KP, Mogridge N. Acute bronchiolitis: a three year study. N Z Med J 1989; 102:528. Walsh EE, McConnochie KM, Long CE, Hall CB. Severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection is related to virus strain. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:814. Martinello RA, Chen MD, Weibel C, Kahn JS. Correlation between respiratory syncytial virus genotype and severity of illness. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:839. Wright PF, Gruber WC, Peters M, et al. Illness severity, viral shedding, and antibody responses in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus. J Infect Dis 2002; 185:1011. Khoshoo V, Edell D. Previously healthy infants may have increased risk of aspiration during respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 1999; 104:1389. Kugelman A, Raibin K, Dabbah H, et al. Intravenous fluids versus gastric-tube feeding in hospitalized infants with viral bronchiolitis: a randomized, prospective pilot study. J Pediatr 2013; 162:640. Hanna S, Tibby SM, Durward A, Murdoch IA. Incidence of hyponatraemia and hyponatraemic seizures in severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Acta Paediatr 2003; 92:430. Gozal D, Colin AA, Jaffe M, Hochberg Z. Water, electrolyte, and endocrine homeostasis in infants with bronchiolitis. Pediatr Res 1990; 27:204. van Steensel-Moll HA, Hazelzet JA, van der Voort E, et al. Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone in infections with respiratory syncytial virus. Arch Dis Child 1990; 65:1237. Panitch HB. Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: supportive care and therapies designed to overcome airway obstruction. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22:S83. Bass JL, Gozal D. Oxygen therapy for bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 2007; 119:611. Bass JL, Corwin M, Gozal D, et al. The effect of chronic or intermittent hypoxia on cognition in childhood: a review of the evidence. Pediatrics 2004; 114:805. Schuh S. Update on management of bronchiolitis. Curr Opin Pediatr 2011; 23:110. Donlan M, Fontela PS, Puligandla PS. Use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in acute viral bronchiolitis: a systematic review. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011; 46:736. Soong WJ, Hwang B, Tang RB. Continuous positive airway pressure by nasal prongs in bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 1993; 16:163. Beasley JM, Jones SE. Continuous positive airway pressure in bronchiolitis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981; 283:1506.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f27_19_27962

Donlan M, Fontela PS, Puligandla PS. Use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in acute viral bronchiolitis: a systematic review. Pediatr Pulmonol 2011; 46:736. Soong WJ, Hwang B, Tang RB. Continuous positive airway pressure by nasal prongs in bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 1993; 16:163. Beasley JM, Jones SE. Continuous positive airway pressure in bronchiolitis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981; 283:1506. Campion A, Huvenne H, Leteurtre S, et al. [Non-invasive ventilation in infants with severe infection presumably due to respiratory syncytial virus: feasibility and failure criteria]. Arch Pediatr 2006; 13:1404. Thia LP, McKenzie SA, Blyth TP, et al. Randomised controlled trial of nasal continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) in bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child 2008; 93:45. Cambonie G, Milési C, Jaber S, et al. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure decreases respiratory muscles overload in young infants with severe acute viral bronchiolitis. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:1865. Martinón-Torres F, Rodríguez-Núñez A, Martinón-Sánchez JM. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure with heliox versus air oxygen in infants with acute bronchiolitis: a crossover study. Pediatrics 2008; 121:e1190. Martinón-Torres F, Rodríguez-Núñez A, Martinón-Sánchez JM. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure with heliox in infants with acute bronchiolitis. Respir Med 2006; 100:1458. Mayordomo-Colunga J, Medina A, Rey C, et al. Helmet-delivered continuous positive airway pressure with heliox in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99:308. de Klerk A. Humidified high-flow nasal cannula: is it the new and improved CPAP? Adv Neonatal Care 2008; 8:98. McKiernan C, Chua LC, Visintainer PF, Allen H. High flow nasal cannulae therapy in infants with bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 2010; 156:634. Roqué i Figuls M, Giné-Garriga M, Granados Rugeles C, Perrotta C. Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2:CD004873. Conway E, Schoettker PJ, Moore A, et al. Empowering respiratory therapists to take a more active role in delivering quality care for infants with bronchiolitis. Respir Care 2004; 49:589. Schroeder AR, Marmor AK, Pantell RH, Newman TB. Impact of pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy on length of stay in bronchiolitis hospitalizations. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004; 158:527.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f27_19_27962

Conway E, Schoettker PJ, Moore A, et al. Empowering respiratory therapists to take a more active role in delivering quality care for infants with bronchiolitis. Respir Care 2004; 49:589. Schroeder AR, Marmor AK, Pantell RH, Newman TB. Impact of pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy on length of stay in bronchiolitis hospitalizations. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004; 158:527. Brooks AM, McBride JT, McConnochie KM, et al. Predicting deterioration in previously healthy infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatrics 1999; 104:463. Hartling L, Bialy LM, Vandermeer B, et al. Epinephrine for bronchiolitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; :CD003123. Gadomski AM, Brower M. Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; :CD001266. Hartling L, Fernandes RM, Bialy L, et al. Steroids and bronchodilators for acute bronchiolitis in the first two years of life: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011; 342:d1714. Zorc JJ. Bronchiolitis trial and tribulation. Acad Emerg Med 2008; 15:375. Martinez FD. What have we learned from the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study? Paediatr Respir Rev 2002; 3:193. Frey U, von Mutius E. The challenge of managing wheezing in infants. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2130. Klassen TP, Rowe PC, Sutcliffe T, et al. Randomized trial of salbutamol in acute bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 1991; 118:807. Schuh S, Canny G, Reisman JJ, et al. Nebulized albuterol in acute bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 1990; 117:633. Schweich PJ, Hurt TL, Walkley EI, et al. The use of nebulized albuterol in wheezing infants. Pediatr Emerg Care 1992; 8:184. Kristjánsson S, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Wennergren G, et al. Nebulised racemic adrenaline in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in infants and toddlers. Arch Dis Child 1993; 69:650. Schuh S, Coates AL, Binnie R, et al. Efficacy of oral dexamethasone in outpatients with acute bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 2002; 140:27. Wainwright C, Altamirano L, Cheney M, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of nebulized epinephrine in infants with acute bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:27. Patel H, Gouin S, Platt RW. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral albuterol in infants with mild-to-moderate acute viral bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 2003; 142:509. Gadomski AM, Lichenstein R, Horton L, et al. Efficacy of albuterol in the management of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 1994; 93:907.

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Wainwright C, Altamirano L, Cheney M, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of nebulized epinephrine in infants with acute bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:27. Patel H, Gouin S, Platt RW. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral albuterol in infants with mild-to-moderate acute viral bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 2003; 142:509. Gadomski AM, Lichenstein R, Horton L, et al. Efficacy of albuterol in the management of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 1994; 93:907. Cengizlier R, Saraçlar Y, Adalio��lu G, Tuncer A. Effect of oral and inhaled salbutamol in infants with bronchiolitis. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1997; 39:61. Jartti T, Vanto T, Heikkinen T, Ruuskanen O. Systemic glucocorticoids in childhood expiratory wheezing: relation between age and viral etiology with efficacy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21:873. Fernandes RM, Bialy LM, Vandermeer B, et al. Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; :CD004878. Plint AC, Johnson DW, Patel H, et al. Epinephrine and dexamethasone in children with bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2079. Panickar J, Lakhanpaul M, Lambert PC, et al. Oral prednisolone for preschool children with acute virus-induced wheezing. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:329. Davison C, Ventre KM, Luchetti M, Randolph AG. Efficacy of interventions for bronchiolitis in critically ill infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2004; 5:482. Davies HD, Matlow A, Petric M, et al. Prospective comparative study of viral, bacterial and atypical organisms identified in pneumonia and bronchiolitis in hospitalized Canadian infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15:371. Kabir AR, Mollah AH, Anwar KS, et al. Management of bronchiolitis without antibiotics: a multicentre randomized control trial in Bangladesh. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98:1593. Spurling GK, Doust J, Del Mar CB, Eriksson L. Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; :CD005189. Pinto LA, Pitrez PM, Luisi F, et al. Azithromycin therapy in hospitalized infants with acute bronchiolitis is not associated with better clinical outcomes: a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Pediatr 2012; 161:1104. Andrade MA, Hoberman A, Glustein J, et al. Acute otitis media in children with bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 1998; 101:617.

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Pinto LA, Pitrez PM, Luisi F, et al. Azithromycin therapy in hospitalized infants with acute bronchiolitis is not associated with better clinical outcomes: a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Pediatr 2012; 161:1104. Andrade MA, Hoberman A, Glustein J, et al. Acute otitis media in children with bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 1998; 101:617. Shazberg G, Revel-Vilk S, Shoseyov D, et al. The clinical course of bronchiolitis associated with acute otitis media. Arch Dis Child 2000; 83:317. Zhang L, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Wainwright C, Klassen TP. Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. October 2009. file://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006458.pub2/abstract (Accessed on January 16, 2012). Mandelberg A, Tal G, Witzling M, et al. Nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution treatment in hospitalized infants with viral bronchiolitis. Chest 2003; 123:481. Sarrell EM, Tal G, Witzling M, et al. Nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution treatment in ambulatory children with viral bronchiolitis decreases symptoms. Chest 2002; 122:2015. Tal G, Cesar K, Oron A, et al. Hypertonic saline/epinephrine treatment in hospitalized infants with viral bronchiolitis reduces hospitalization stay: 2 years experience. Isr Med Assoc J 2006; 8:169. Luo Z, Liu E, Luo J, et al. Nebulized hypertonic saline/salbutamol solution treatment in hospitalized children with mild to moderate bronchiolitis. Pediatr Int 2010; 52:199. Kuzik BA, Al-Qadhi SA, Kent S, et al. Nebulized hypertonic saline in the treatment of viral bronchiolitis in infants. J Pediatr 2007; 151:266. Grewal S, Ali S, McConnell DW, et al. A randomized trial of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline with epinephrine in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in the emergency department. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009; 163:1007. Anil AB, Anil M, Saglam AB, et al. High volume normal saline alone is as effective as nebulized salbutamol-normal saline, epinephrine-normal saline, and 3% saline in mild bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; 45:41. Al-Ansari K, Sakran M, Davidson BL, et al. Nebulized 5% or 3% hypertonic or 0.9% saline for treating acute bronchiolitis in infants. J Pediatr 2010; 157:630. Kuzik BA, Flavin MP, Kent S, et al. Effect of inhaled hypertonic saline on hospital admission rate in children with viral bronchiolitis: a randomized trial. CJEM 2010; 12:477.

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Al-Ansari K, Sakran M, Davidson BL, et al. Nebulized 5% or 3% hypertonic or 0.9% saline for treating acute bronchiolitis in infants. J Pediatr 2010; 157:630. Kuzik BA, Flavin MP, Kent S, et al. Effect of inhaled hypertonic saline on hospital admission rate in children with viral bronchiolitis: a randomized trial. CJEM 2010; 12:477. Liet JM, Millotte B, Tucci M, et al. Noninvasive therapy with helium-oxygen for severe bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 2005; 147:812. Martinón-Torres F, Rodríguez-Núñez A, Martinón-Sánchez JM. Heliox therapy in infants with acute bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 2002; 109:68. Hollman G, Shen G, Zeng L, et al. Helium-oxygen improves Clinical Asthma Scores in children with acute bronchiolitis. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1731. Cambonie G, Milési C, Fournier-Favre S, et al. Clinical effects of heliox administration for acute bronchiolitis in young infants. Chest 2006; 129:676. Liet JM, Ducruet T, Gupta V, Cambonie G. Heliox inhalation therapy for bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; :CD006915. Kim IK, Phrampus E, Sikes K, et al. Helium-oxygen therapy for infants with bronchiolitis: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011; 165:1115. King VJ, Viswanathan M, Bordley WC, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of bronchiolitis in infants and children: a systematic review. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004; 158:127. Cade A, Brownlee KG, Conway SP, et al. Randomised placebo controlled trial of nebulised corticosteroids in acute respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child 2000; 82:126. Blom D, Ermers M, Bont L, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids during acute bronchiolitis in the prevention of post-bronchiolitic wheezing. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; :CD004881. Hemming VG, Rodriguez W, Kim HW, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants and young children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987; 31:1882. Rodriguez WJ, Gruber WC, Welliver RC, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune globulin intravenous therapy for RSV lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children at high risk for severe RSV infections: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Study Group. Pediatrics 1997; 99:454. Jat KR, Chawla D. Surfactant therapy for bronchiolitis in critically ill infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 9:CD009194.

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Rodriguez WJ, Gruber WC, Welliver RC, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune globulin intravenous therapy for RSV lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children at high risk for severe RSV infections: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Study Group. Pediatrics 1997; 99:454. Jat KR, Chawla D. Surfactant therapy for bronchiolitis in critically ill infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 9:CD009194. Dargaville PA, South M, McDougall PN. Surfactant abnormalities in infants with severe viral bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child 1996; 75:133. LeVine AM, Elliott J, Whitsett JA, et al. Surfactant protein-d enhances phagocytosis and pulmonary clearance of respiratory syncytial virus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004; 31:193. Wang SZ, Doyle IR, Nicholas TE, Forsyth KD. Plasma surfactant protein-B is elevated in infants with respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis. Pediatr Res 1999; 46:731. Tibby SM, Hatherill M, Wright SM, et al. Exogenous surfactant supplementation in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162:1251. Luchetti M, Casiraghi G, Valsecchi R, et al. Porcine-derived surfactant treatment of severe bronchiolitis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998; 42:805. Vos GD, Rijtema MN, Blanco CE. Treatment of respiratory failure due to respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia with natural surfactant. Pediatr Pulmonol 1996; 22:412. Dimova-Yaneva D, Russell D, Main M, et al. Eosinophil activation and cysteinyl leukotriene production in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:555. Da Dalt L, Callegaro S, Carraro S, et al. Nasal lavage leukotrienes in infants with RSV bronchiolitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007; 18:100. Volovitz B, Welliver RC, De Castro G, et al. The release of leukotrienes in the respiratory tract during infection with respiratory syncytial virus: role in obstructive airway disease. Pediatr Res 1988; 24:504. Fullmer JJ, Khan AM, Elidemir O, et al. Role of cysteinyl leukotrienes in airway inflammation and responsiveness following RSV infection in BALB/c mice. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16:593. Amirav I, Luder AS, Kruger N, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of montelukast for acute bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 2008; 122:e1249.

referencesuptodate· REFERENCES· item f27_19_27962

Fullmer JJ, Khan AM, Elidemir O, et al. Role of cysteinyl leukotrienes in airway inflammation and responsiveness following RSV infection in BALB/c mice. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16:593. Amirav I, Luder AS, Kruger N, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of montelukast for acute bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 2008; 122:e1249. Zedan M, Gamil N, El-Assmy M, et al. Montelukast as an episodic modifier for acute viral bronchiolitis: a randomized trial. Allergy Asthma Proc 2010; 31:147. Bisgaard H, Study Group on Montelukast and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. A randomized trial of montelukast in respiratory syncytial virus postbronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167:379. Proesmans M, Sauer K, Govaere E, et al. Montelukast does not prevent reactive airway disease in young children hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis. Acta Paediatr 2009; 98:1830. Bisgaard H, Flores-Nunez A, Goh A, et al. Study of montelukast for the treatment of respiratory symptoms of post-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:854. Kim CK, Choi J, Kim HB, et al. A randomized intervention of montelukast for post-bronchiolitis: effect on eosinophil degranulation. J Pediatr 2010; 156:749. Szefler SJ, Simoes EA. Montelukast for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: significant effect or provocative findings? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167:290. Bisgaard H. Montelukast in RSV-bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169:542. McConnochie KM, Roghmann KJ, Liptak GS. Hospitalization for lower respiratory tract illness in infants: variation in rates among counties in New York State and areas within Monroe County. J Pediatr 1995; 126:220. Shay DK, Holman RC, Roosevelt GE, et al. Bronchiolitis-associated mortality and estimates of respiratory syncytial virus-associated deaths among US children, 1979-1997. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:16. Holman RC, Shay DK, Curns AT, et al. Risk factors for bronchiolitis-associated deaths among infants in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22:483. Fjaerli HO, Farstad T, Rød G, et al. Acute bronchiolitis in infancy as risk factor for wheezing and reduced pulmonary function by seven years in Akershus County, Norway. BMC Pediatr 2005; 5:31. Hyvärinen M, Piippo-Savolainen E, Korhonen K, Korppi M. Teenage asthma after severe infantile bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Acta Paediatr 2005; 94:1378.

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Fjaerli HO, Farstad T, Rød G, et al. Acute bronchiolitis in infancy as risk factor for wheezing and reduced pulmonary function by seven years in Akershus County, Norway. BMC Pediatr 2005; 5:31. Hyvärinen M, Piippo-Savolainen E, Korhonen K, Korppi M. Teenage asthma after severe infantile bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Acta Paediatr 2005; 94:1378. Sigurs N, Gustafsson PM, Bjarnason R, et al. Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy and asthma and allergy at age 13. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:137. Piippo-Savolainen E, Korppi M, Korhonen K, Remes S. Adult asthma after non-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy: subgroup analysis of the 20-year prospective follow-up study. Pediatr Int 2007; 49:190. Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet 1999; 354:541. Topic 6020 Version 17.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [1103-201.65.114.212-C0B5FDA9AB-S244013.14]