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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email General principle of buffering Titration curve of 1 liter of a 20 mmol/L NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4 solution. Initially, the concentration of HPO4(2-) equals that of H2PO4- at 10 mmol/L, and the concentration of H+ equals 160 nanomol/L (pH equals 6.80). The different points represent the effects on the pH of the solution of the addition of a strong acid or base. Maximum buffering, in which large quantities of acid or base can be added with relatively little change in pH, occurs within 1 pH unit of the pK of 6.80. Data from Woodbury, JW, Physiology and Biophysics, 20th ed, Ruch, TC, Patton, HC (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia, 1974.