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Rebhandl W, Steffan I, Schramel P, et al. Release of toxic metals from button batteries retained in the stomach: An in vitro study. J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37:87. Litovitz T, Butterfield AB, Holloway RR, Marion LI. Button battery ingestion: assessment of therapeutic modalities and battery discharge state. J Pediatr 1984; 105:868. Kost KM, Shapiro RS. Button battery ingestion: a case report and review of the literature. J Otolaryngol 1987; 16:252. Mallon PT, White JS, Thompson RL. Systemic absorption of lithium following ingestion of a lithium button battery. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004; 23:193. Kuhns DW, Dire DJ. Button battery ingestions. Ann Emerg Med 1989; 18:293. Kulig K, Rumack CM, Rumack BH, Duffy JP. Disk battery ingestion. Elevated urine mercury levels and enema removal of battery fragments. JAMA 1983; 249:2502. Mant TG, Lewis JL, Mattoo TK, et al. Mercury poisoning after disc-battery ingestion. Hum Toxicol 1987; 6:179. Reilly DT. Mercury battery ingestion. Br Med J 1979; 1:859. D'Sa Barros EA, D'Sa Barros AA. Mercury battery ingestion. Br Med J 1979; 1:1218. Barber TE, Menke RD. The relationship of ingested iron to the absorption of mercuric oxide. Am J Emerg Med 1984; 2:500. Samad L, Ali M, Ramzi H. Button battery ingestion: hazards of esophageal impaction. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34:1527. David TJ, Ferguson AP. Management of children who have swallowed button batteries. Arch Dis Child 1986; 61:321. Shastri N, Leys C, Fowler M, Conners GP. Pediatric button battery and small magnet coingestion: two cases with different outcomes. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011; 27:642. "NBIH Button battery ingestion triage and treatment guideline". National Captial Poison Center. www.poison.org/battery/guideline.asp (Accessed on June 01, 2010). Rumack BH, Rumack CM. Disk battery ingestion. JAMA 1983; 249:2509. Maves MD, Lloyd TV, Carithers JS. Radiographic identification of ingested disc batteries. Pediatr Radiol 1986; 16:154. Bernstein JM, Burrows SA, Saunders MW. Lodged oesophageal button battery masquerading as a coin: an unusual cause of bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Emerg Med J 2007; 24:e15. Webb WA. Management of foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract: update. Gastrointest Endosc 1995; 41:39. Temple DM, McNeese MC. Hazards of battery ingestion. Pediatrics 1983; 71:100. Gordon AC, Gough MH. Oesophageal perforation after button battery ingestion. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1993; 75:362.

Bernstein JM, Burrows SA, Saunders MW. Lodged oesophageal button battery masquerading as a coin: an unusual cause of bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Emerg Med J 2007; 24:e15. Webb WA. Management of foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract: update. Gastrointest Endosc 1995; 41:39. Temple DM, McNeese MC. Hazards of battery ingestion. Pediatrics 1983; 71:100. Gordon AC, Gough MH. Oesophageal perforation after button battery ingestion. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1993; 75:362. Brumbaugh DE, Colson SB, Sandoval JA, et al. Management of button battery-induced hemorrhage in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52:585. Kimball SJ, Park AH, Rollins MD 2nd, et al. A review of esophageal disc battery ingestions and a protocol for management. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 136:866. Soccorso G, Grossman O, Martinelli M, et al. 20 mm lithium button battery causing an oesophageal perforation in a toddler: lessons in diagnosis and treatment. Arch Dis Child 2012; 97:746. McDermott VG, Taylor T, Wyatt JP, et al. Orogastric magnet removal of ingested disc batteries. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30:29. Jaffe RB, Corneli HM. Fluoroscopic removal of ingested alkaline batteries. Radiology 1984; 150:585. Ito Y, Ihara N, Sohma S. Magnetic removal of alkaline batteries from the stomach. J Pediatr Surg 1985; 20:250. Rivera EA, Maves MD. Effects of neutralizing agents on esophageal burns caused by disc batteries. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1987; 96:362. Aronow, R. Mercury. In: Clinical Management of poisoning and Drug Overdose, 2nd, Haddad, LM (Eds), WB Saunders, Philadelphia 1990. p.1004. Lavelle-Jones M, Lyall MH, McCollum P, Cuschieri A. Disc battery ingestion: a review and a management plan. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1992; 37:120. Namasivayam S. Button battery ingestion: a solution to a management dilemma. Pediatr Surg Int 1999; 15:383. Untersweg U, Mayr J, Schmidt B. Oesophageal burn caused by sucking a 1.5 volt battery. Acta Paediatr 1996; 85:1382. Wall SJ, Nadel DM, Handler SD. Airway compromise caused by disk battery ingestion. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 121:302. Anand TS, Kumar S, Wadhwa V, Dhawan R. Rare case of spontaneous closure of tracheo-esophageal fistula secondary to disc battery ingestion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2002; 63:57. Chiang MC, Chen YS. Tracheoesophageal fistula secondary to disc battery ingestion. Am J Otolaryngol 2000; 21:333.

Wall SJ, Nadel DM, Handler SD. Airway compromise caused by disk battery ingestion. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 121:302. Anand TS, Kumar S, Wadhwa V, Dhawan R. Rare case of spontaneous closure of tracheo-esophageal fistula secondary to disc battery ingestion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2002; 63:57. Chiang MC, Chen YS. Tracheoesophageal fistula secondary to disc battery ingestion. Am J Otolaryngol 2000; 21:333. Willis GA, Ho WC. Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum by an alkaline hearing aid battery. Can Med Assoc J 1982; 126:497. Alkan M, Büyükyavuz I, Do��ru D, et al. Tracheoesophageal fistula due to disc-battery ingestion. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2004; 14:274. Topic 6497 Version 13.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.6- C21.56 Licensed to: AsanBook Dig. Med. Lib. | Support Tag: [0604-61.234.146.186-EC60C7DA3C-S244013.14]