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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk equivalents Diabetes mellitus • It is preferable to calculate patient-specific risks rather than to simply consider all patients with DM to have a CHD risk equivalent. A downloadable calculator for this purpose is available for patients with type 2 DM from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study . • If a patient-specific risk calculator cannot be accessed, we suggest considering the following patients with DM to have a CHD risk equivalent: - Men over age 40 with type 2 DM and any other CHD risk factor, or over age 50 with or without other CHD risk factors. - Women over age 45 with type 2 DM and any other CHD risk factor, or over age 55 with or without other CHD risk factors. - Men or women of any age who have had DM (type 1 or type 2) for more than 20 years if they have another risk factor or more than 25 years without another risk factor. Symptomatic carotid artery disease Peripheral arterial disease Abdominal aortic aneurysm Multiple risk factors that confer a 10-year risk of CHD >20 percent Chronic kidney disease with creatinine >1.5 mg/dL [133 µmol/L] or estimated GFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 * * Statin doses may require adjustment in patients with CKD.