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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Sleep stages as a percentage of total sleep time in COPD Sleep stages as a percentage of total sleep time in a) normal subjects, b) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients not receiving supplemental oxygen (COPD Air), and c) COPD patients receiving supplemental oxygen (COPD O 2 ). The COPD patients have less rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and less slow-wave sleep (SWS), and this difference is not significantly increased by supplemental oxygen. W: awake; 1: sleep stage 1; 2: sleep stage 2; SWS: slow-wave sleep; REM: rapid eye-movement. Reproduced with permission from: Fleetham J, West P, Mezon B, Conway W, Roth T, Kryger M. Sleep, arousals, and oxygen desaturation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the effect of oxygen therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982; 126:429. Copyright ©1982 American Thoracic Society.