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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Characteristic immunohistochemical staining patterns for undifferentiated neoplasms Neoplasm Cytokeratin EMA LCA S-100 Desmin/ vimentin* OCT 4/ HCG/ AFP/ PLAP* Chromogranin/ synaptophysin Carcinoma + + - S - S S Melanoma -, R - - + + - - Sarcoma - S - - + - - Lymphoma - -, R + - - - - Neuroendocrine carcinoma + + - - - - + Germ cell tumor -, R - - - - + - EMA: Epithelial membrane antigen; LCA: Leukocyte common antigen; S-100: S-100 protein; HCG: Human chorionic gonadotrophin; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; PLAP: Placental leukocyte alkaline phosphatase; +: Positive; -: Negative; S: Sometimes positive; R: Rare positive cells. * Positive for one or more of these markers. Modified from: Dabbs DJ. Immunohistology of metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary. In: Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry, 2nd ed, Dabbs DJ (Ed), Churchill Livingstone, Pittsburgh 2006. p.180.