Browse the corpus

REFERENCES Mercadante S, Porzio G, Ferrera P, et al. Low doses of transdermal buprenorphine in opioid-naive patients with cancer pain: a 4-week, nonrandomized, open-label, uncontrolled observational study. Clin Ther 2009; 31:2134. Apolone G, Corli O, Negri E, et al. Effects of transdermal buprenorphine on patients-reported outcomes in cancer patients: results from the Cancer Pain Outcome Research (CPOR) Study Group. Clin J Pain 2009; 25:671. Poulain P, Denier W, Douma J, et al. Efficacy and safety of transdermal buprenorphine: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 289 patients with severe cancer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008; 36:117. Pace MC, Passavanti MB, Grella E, et al. Buprenorphine in long-term control of chronic pain in cancer patients. Front Biosci 2007; 12:1291. Sittl R. Transdermal buprenorphine in cancer pain and palliative care. Palliat Med 2006; 20 Suppl 1:s25. Pergolizzi JV Jr, Mercadante S, Echaburu AV, et al. The role of transdermal buprenorphine in the treatment of cancer pain: an expert panel consensus. Curr Med Res Opin 2009; 25:1517. Prommer EE. Tramadol: does it have a role in cancer pain management? J Opioid Manag 2005; 1:131. Rodriguez RF, Castillo JM, Castillo MP, et al. Hydrocodone/acetaminophen and tramadol chlorhydrate combination tablets for the management of chronic cancer pain: a double-blind comparative trial. Clin J Pain 2008; 24:1. Quigley C. Opioids in people with cancer-related pain. Clin Evid (Online) 2008; 2008. Wilder-Smith CH, Schimke J, Osterwalder B, Senn HJ. Oral tramadol, a mu-opioid agonist and monoamine reuptake-blocker, and morphine for strong cancer-related pain. Ann Oncol 1994; 5:141. Leppert W. Tramadol as an analgesic for mild to moderate cancer pain. Pharmacol Rep 2009; 61:978. WHO analgesic pain ladder available online. www.who.int/cancer/palliative/painladder/en/ (Accessed on September 06, 2011). Otton SV, Schadel M, Cheung SW, et al. CYP2D6 phenotype determines the metabolic conversion of hydrocodone to hydromorphone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993; 54:463. de Leon J, Dinsmore L, Wedlund P. Adverse drug reactions to oxycodone and hydrocodone in CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003; 23:420. Lötsch J, Rohrbacher M, Schmidt H, et al. Can extremely low or high morphine formation from codeine be predicted prior to therapy initiation? Pain 2009; 144:119.

Otton SV, Schadel M, Cheung SW, et al. CYP2D6 phenotype determines the metabolic conversion of hydrocodone to hydromorphone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993; 54:463. de Leon J, Dinsmore L, Wedlund P. Adverse drug reactions to oxycodone and hydrocodone in CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003; 23:420. Lötsch J, Rohrbacher M, Schmidt H, et al. Can extremely low or high morphine formation from codeine be predicted prior to therapy initiation? Pain 2009; 144:119. Maltoni M, Scarpi E, Modonesi C, et al. A validation study of the WHO analgesic ladder: a two-step vs three-step strategy. Support Care Cancer 2005; 13:888. Nicholson AB. Methadone for cancer pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; :CD003971. Wiffen PJ, McQuay HJ. Oral morphine for cancer pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; :CD003868. Quigley C. Hydromorphone for acute and chronic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; :CD003447. Mercadante S, Tirelli W, David F, et al. Morphine versus oxycodone in pancreatic cancer pain: a randomized controlled study. Clin J Pain 2010; 26:794. Pigni A, Brunelli C, Caraceni A. The role of hydromorphone in cancer pain treatment: a systematic review. Palliat Med 2011; 25:471. Sjögren P. Clinical implications of morphine metabolites. In: Topics in Palliative Care Vol 1, Portenoy RK, Bruera EB (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York 1997. p.163. Penson RT, Joel SP, Gloyne A, et al. Morphine analgesia in cancer pain: role of the glucuronides. J Opioid Manag 2005; 1:83. Quigley C, Joel S, Patel N, et al. Plasma concentrations of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine-3-glucuronide and their relationship with analgesia and side effects in patients with cancer-related pain. Palliat Med 2003; 17:185. Penson RT, Joel SP, Bakhshi K, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of the activity of the morphine glucuronides. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000; 68:667. Sjøgren P, Thunedborg LP, Christrup L, et al. Is development of hyperalgesia, allodynia and myoclonus related to morphine metabolism during long-term administration? Six case histories. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998; 42:1070. Quigley C, Wiffen P. A systematic review of hydromorphone in acute and chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003; 25:169. Mayyas F, Fayers P, Kaasa S, Dale O. A systematic review of oxymorphone in the management of chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2010; 39:296.

Sjøgren P, Thunedborg LP, Christrup L, et al. Is development of hyperalgesia, allodynia and myoclonus related to morphine metabolism during long-term administration? Six case histories. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998; 42:1070. Quigley C, Wiffen P. A systematic review of hydromorphone in acute and chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003; 25:169. Mayyas F, Fayers P, Kaasa S, Dale O. A systematic review of oxymorphone in the management of chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2010; 39:296. Wirz S, Wittmann M, Schenk M, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms under opioid therapy: a prospective comparison of oral sustained-release hydromorphone, transdermal fentanyl, and transdermal buprenorphine. Eur J Pain 2009; 13:737. Ahmedzai S, Brooks D. Transdermal fentanyl versus sustained-release oral morphine in cancer pain: preference, efficacy, and quality of life. The TTS-Fentanyl Comparative Trial Group. J Pain Symptom Manage 1997; 13:254. van Seventer R, Smit JM, Schipper RM, et al. Comparison of TTS-fentanyl with sustained-release oral morphine in the treatment of patients not using opioids for mild-to-moderate pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2003; 19:457. Wong JO, Chiu GL, Tsao CJ, Chang CL. Comparison of oral controlled-release morphine with transdermal fentanyl in terminal cancer pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1997; 35:25. Tassinari D, Sartori S, Tamburini E, et al. Transdermal fentanyl as a front-line approach to moderate-severe pain: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Palliat Care 2009; 25:172. Tassinari D, Sartori S, Tamburini E, et al. Adverse effects of transdermal opiates treating moderate-severe cancer pain in comparison to long-acting morphine: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. J Palliat Med 2008; 11:492. FDA Public Health Advisory. Risk of burns during MRI scans from transdermal drug patches with metallic backings. file://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/PublicHealthAdvisories/ucm111313.htm (Accessed on January 03, 2012). Bryson J, Tamber A, Seccareccia D, Zimmermann C. Methadone for treatment of cancer pain. Curr Oncol Rep 2006; 8:282. Leppert W. The role of methadone in cancer pain treatment--a review. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:1095.

FDA Public Health Advisory. Risk of burns during MRI scans from transdermal drug patches with metallic backings. file://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/PublicHealthAdvisories/ucm111313.htm (Accessed on January 03, 2012). Bryson J, Tamber A, Seccareccia D, Zimmermann C. Methadone for treatment of cancer pain. Curr Oncol Rep 2006; 8:282. Leppert W. The role of methadone in cancer pain treatment--a review. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:1095. Bruera E, Palmer JL, Bosnjak S, et al. Methadone versus morphine as a first-line strong opioid for cancer pain: a randomized, double-blind study. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:185. Cruciani RA. Methadone: to ECG or not to ECG...That is still the question. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008; 36:545. Reddy S, Hui D, El Osta B, et al. The effect of oral methadone on the QTc interval in advanced cancer patients: a prospective pilot study. J Palliat Med 2010; 13:33. Chou R, Clark E, Helfand M. Comparative efficacy and safety of long-acting oral opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: a systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003; 26:1026. Chan GL, Matzke GR. Effects of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opioid analgesics. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1987; 21:773. Launay-Vacher V, Karie S, Fau JB, et al. Treatment of pain in patients with renal insufficiency: the World Health Organization three-step ladder adapted. J Pain 2005; 6:137. Oliverio C, Malone N, Rosielle DA. Opoid use in liver failure #260. J Palliat Med 2012; 15:1389. Portenoy RK, Payne D, Jacobsen P. Breakthrough pain: characteristics and impact in patients with cancer pain. Pain 1999; 81:129. Caraceni A, Martini C, Zecca E, et al. Breakthrough pain characteristics and syndromes in patients with cancer pain. An international survey. Palliat Med 2004; 18:177. Zeppetella G. Impact and management of breakthrough pain in cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2009; 3:1. Rauck R, North J, Gever LN, et al. Fentanyl buccal soluble film (FBSF) for breakthrough pain in patients with cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:1308.

Caraceni A, Martini C, Zecca E, et al. Breakthrough pain characteristics and syndromes in patients with cancer pain. An international survey. Palliat Med 2004; 18:177. Zeppetella G. Impact and management of breakthrough pain in cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2009; 3:1. Rauck R, North J, Gever LN, et al. Fentanyl buccal soluble film (FBSF) for breakthrough pain in patients with cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:1308. Fallon M, Reale C, Davies A, et al. Efficacy and safety of fentanyl pectin nasal spray compared with immediate-release morphine sulfate tablets in the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy multiple-crossover study. J Support Oncol 2011; 9:224. Rauck R, Reynolds L, Geach J, et al. Efficacy and safety of fentanyl sublingual spray for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Curr Med Res Opin 2012; 28:859. Jandhyala R, Fullarton JR, Bennett MI. Efficacy of Rapid-Onset Oral Fentanyl Formulations vs. Oral Morphine for Cancer-Related Breakthrough Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Trials. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013. Portenoy RK, Burton AW, Gabrail N, et al. A multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multiple-crossover study of Fentanyl Pectin Nasal Spray (FPNS) in the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. Pain 2010; 151:617. Vasisht N, Gever LN, Tagarro I, Finn AL. Formulation selection and pharmacokinetic comparison of fentanyl buccal soluble film with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate: a randomized, open-label, single-dose, crossover study. Clin Drug Investig 2009; 29:647. Bruera E, Fainsinger R, Spachynski K, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of a novel controlled-release morphine suppository and subcutaneous morphine in cancer pain: a randomized evaluation. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13:1520. Walsh D, Tropiano PS. Long-term rectal administration of high-dose sustained-release morphine tablets. Support Care Cancer 2002; 10:653. Wilkinson TJ, Robinson BA, Begg EJ, et al. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of rectal versus oral sustained-release morphine in cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992; 31:251.

Bruera E, Fainsinger R, Spachynski K, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of a novel controlled-release morphine suppository and subcutaneous morphine in cancer pain: a randomized evaluation. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13:1520. Walsh D, Tropiano PS. Long-term rectal administration of high-dose sustained-release morphine tablets. Support Care Cancer 2002; 10:653. Wilkinson TJ, Robinson BA, Begg EJ, et al. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of rectal versus oral sustained-release morphine in cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992; 31:251. Moolenaar F, Meijler WJ, Frijlink HW, et al. Clinical efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of a newly developed controlled release morphine sulphate suppository in patients with cancer pain. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 56:219. Wilcock A, Jacob JK, Charlesworth S, et al. Drugs given by a syringe driver: a prospective multicentre survey of palliative care services in the UK. Palliat Med 2006; 20:661. McNeill JA, Sherwood GD, Starck PL. The hidden error of mismanaged pain: a systems approach. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004; 28:47. Sloan PA. Neuraxial pain relief for intractable cancer pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2007; 11:283. Smith TJ, Staats PS, Deer T, et al. Randomized clinical trial of an implantable drug delivery system compared with comprehensive medical management for refractory cancer pain: impact on pain, drug-related toxicity, and survival. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:4040. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Available at: www.nccn.org (Accessed on May 15, 2012). Fine P, Portenoy RK. Opioid analgesia. New York: McGraw Hill, 2004. file://www.stoppain.org/pcd/content/forpros/opioidbook.asp (Accessed on April 21, 2011). Jost L, Roila F, ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Management of cancer pain: ESMO clinical recommendations. Ann Oncol 2008; 19 Suppl 2:ii119. Krakowski I, Theobald S, Balp L, et al. Summary version of the Standards, Options and Recommendations for the use of analgesia for the treatment of nociceptive pain in adults with cancer (update 2002). Br J Cancer 2003; 89 Suppl 1:S67. Cormie PJ, Nairn M, Welsh J, Guideline Development Group. Control of pain in adults with cancer: summary of SIGN guidelines. BMJ 2008; 337:a2154. William L, Macleod R. Management of breakthrough pain in patients with cancer. Drugs 2008; 68:913.

Krakowski I, Theobald S, Balp L, et al. Summary version of the Standards, Options and Recommendations for the use of analgesia for the treatment of nociceptive pain in adults with cancer (update 2002). Br J Cancer 2003; 89 Suppl 1:S67. Cormie PJ, Nairn M, Welsh J, Guideline Development Group. Control of pain in adults with cancer: summary of SIGN guidelines. BMJ 2008; 337:a2154. William L, Macleod R. Management of breakthrough pain in patients with cancer. Drugs 2008; 68:913. Mercadante S, Portenoy RK. Opioid poorly-responsive cancer pain. Part 1: clinical considerations. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001; 21:144. Mercadante S, Portenoy RK. Opioid poorly-responsive cancer pain. Part 3. Clinical strategies to improve opioid responsiveness. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001; 21:338. Quigley C. Opioid switching to improve pain relief and drug tolerability. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; :CD004847. Reddy A, Yennurajalingam S, Pulivarthi K, et al. Frequency, outcome, and predictors of success within 6 weeks of an opioid rotation among outpatients with cancer receiving strong opioids. Oncologist 2013; 18:212. Knotkova H, Fine PG, Portenoy RK. Opioid rotation: the science and the limitations of the equianalgesic dose table. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009; 38:426. Fine PG, Portenoy RK, Ad Hoc Expert Panel on Evidence Review and Guidelines for Opioid Rotation. Establishing "best practices" for opioid rotation: conclusions of an expert panel. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009; 38:418. Indelicato RA, Portenoy RK. Opioid rotation in the management of refractory cancer pain. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:348. Lawlor PG, Turner KS, Hanson J, Bruera ED. Dose ratio between morphine and methadone in patients with cancer pain: a retrospective study. Cancer 1998; 82:1167. Ripamonti C, De Conno F, Groff L, et al. Equianalgesic dose/ratio between methadone and other opioid agonists in cancer pain: comparison of two clinical experiences. Ann Oncol 1998; 9:79. Benítez-Rosario MA, Salinas-Martín A, Aguirre-Jaime A, et al. Morphine-methadone opioid rotation in cancer patients: analysis of dose ratio predicting factors. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009; 37:1061. Mercadante S, Casuccio A, Calderone L. Rapid switching from morphine to methadone in cancer patients with poor response to morphine. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:3307.

Benítez-Rosario MA, Salinas-Martín A, Aguirre-Jaime A, et al. Morphine-methadone opioid rotation in cancer patients: analysis of dose ratio predicting factors. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009; 37:1061. Mercadante S, Casuccio A, Calderone L. Rapid switching from morphine to methadone in cancer patients with poor response to morphine. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:3307. Mercadante S, Casuccio A, Fulfaro F, et al. Switching from morphine to methadone to improve analgesia and tolerability in cancer patients: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:2898. Parsons HA, de la Cruz M, El Osta B, et al. Methadone initiation and rotation in the outpatient setting for patients with cancer pain. Cancer 2010; 116:520. Moksnes K, Dale O, Rosland JH, et al. How to switch from morphine or oxycodone to methadone in cancer patients? a randomised clinical phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:2463. Topic 2814 Version 28.0 © 2013 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. | Subscription and License Agreement | Release: 21.4 - C21.36 Licensed to: Southeast Alabama Med Ctr | Support Tag: [0602-210.101.131.231-DF96EE1385-S244013.14]