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©2013 UpToDate ® Print Email Modified Caprini risk assessment model for VTE in general surgical patients Risk score 1 point 2 points 3 points 5 points Age 41 to 60 years Age 61 to 74 years Age ≥75 years Stroke (<1 month) Minor surgery Arthroscopic surgery History of VTE Elective arthroplasty BMI >25 kg/m 2 Major open surgery (>45 minutes) Family history of VTE Hip, pelvis, or leg fracture Swollen legs Laparoscopic surgery (>45 minutes) Factor V Leiden Acute spinal cord injury (<1 month) Varicose veins Malignancy Prothrombin 20210A Pregnancy or postpartum Confined to bed (>72 hours) Lupus anticoagulant History of unexplained or recurrent spontaneous abortion Immobilizing plaster cast Anticardiolipin antibodies Oral contraceptives or hormone replacement Central venous access Elevated serum homocysteine Sepsis (<1 month) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Serious lung disease, including pneumonia (<1 month) Other congenital or acquired thrombophilia Abnormal pulmonary function Acute myocardial infarction Congestive heart failure (<1 month) History of inflammatory bowel disease Medical patient at bed rest Interpretation Surgical risk category* Score Estimated VTE risk in the absence of pharmacologic or mechanical prophylaxis (percent) Very low (see text for definition) 0 <0.5 Low 1 to 2 1.5 Moderate 3 to 4 3.0 High ≥5 6.0 * This table is applicable only to general, abdominal-pelvic, bariatric, vascular, and plastic and reconstructive surgery. See text for other types of surgery (eg, cancer surery). VTE: venous thromboembolism. From: Gould MK, Garcia DA, Wren SM, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practical guidelines. Chest 2012; 141:e227S. Reproduced with permission from the American College of Chest Physicians. Copyright © 2012.